2020
Special A&A Colloquium: Jaehan Bae (Carnegie Institution of Washington)
12:00–1:00 pm ERC 576
Toward a More Complete Picture of Planet Formation
Abstract: The studies of planet formation have long been dominated by theoretical work because observing planets in formation has been challenging. The situation is, however, gradually changing. Thanks to increasingly powerful observing facilities and techniques, we are now able to peer into the birthplaces of planets - protoplanetary disks, routinely finding signposts of ongoing planet formation. I will introduce state-of-the-art observations of protoplanetary disks, made available by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and ground-based optical/IR telescopes equipped with adaptive optics. I will discuss how planet formation theories are being tested with and improved by observational data in conjunction with supercomputer simulations. I will conclude with a discussion of prospects for future directions, focusing on how we can connect studies of protoplanetary disks to those of solar and extrasolar planetary systems and develop a more complete picture of planet formation.
KICP seminar: Raymond T Co (University of Michigan)
12:00–1:00 pm ERC 401
“X-ray Search for Axions from Nearby Isolated Neutron Stars”
KICP open group seminar: Ethan Nadler (Stanford University)
1:30–2:30 pm ERC 401
“The Galaxy—Halo Connection Including the Impact of the Large Magellanic Cloud”
Special A&A Colloquium: Alexander Ji (Carnegie Observatories)
3:30–4:30 pm ERC 161
Accessing the First Stars and Galaxies with Near-Field Cosmology
In the first billion years of the universe, stars and galaxies formed in the smallest dark matter halos, produced high-energy photons that reionized the intergalactic medium, and polluted the universe with the first heavy elements. Near-field cosmology probes this early era by observing nearby relic galaxies that have survived from ancient times. In particular, the elemental abundances of their old, metal-poor stars encode otherwise inaccessible information about the first stellar populations and first galaxy formation histories. Decoding these abundances requires connecting nuclear and stellar astrophysics to galaxy formation and hierarchical assembly. In this talk, I will use elements synthesized in the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) to illustrate how I have used stellar abundances in dwarf galaxies to study the first stars and galaxies. My work has shaped our current understanding of the origin of r-process elements, informed future multi-messenger observations of neutron star mergers, produced unique constraints on gas dynamics in the first galaxies, and now enables reconstruction of the hierarchical assembly of our Milky Way’s stellar halo. I will conclude with a blueprint for how to measure the old stellar populations and early star formation histories of galaxies across the Local Group, making near-field cosmology an observational pillar for accessing the high-redshift universe.
Special A&A Colloquium: Matteo Fasiello (University of Portsmouth)
12:00–1:00 pm ERC 401
Probing Inflation with Primordial Messengers
Some of our best ideas on early universe physics are about to be put to the test by an unprecedented array of cosmological probes. The data these will collect span a vast range of scales, from the CMB to large scale structure, from pulsar timing arrays all the way to laser interferometers. This combined wealth of new information holds the potential to transform not just our understanding of cosmology, but also particle physics. Probing the earliest accessible epoch, the accelerated expansion known as inflation, is absolutely crucial: inflation can provide a cosmological portal to otherwise unaccessible energy scales. This is the “cosmological collider” idea. The spectacular success of the inflationary paradigm in explaining the origin of cosmic structure demands that we tackle a number of compelling questions still in need of an answer: what is the energy scale of inflation? what fields were active during inflation?
In this talk I will review recent progress on the inflationary field content. I will survey different approaches to address the most pressing challenges and provide examples including axion-inflation models and the so-called effective theory approach. I will then focus on the key observables, starting with primordial gravitational waves, and discuss their prospects for detection.
KICP seminar: Evan E Schneider (Princeton University)
12:00–1:00 pm ERC 401
“The Origin of Multiphase Galaxy Outflows”
KICP Colloquium: Eric Dahl (Northwestern University)
3:30–4:30 am ERC 161
“Scintillating Bubble Chambers”
Martin Luther King, Jr. Day
All day
KICP seminar: Dylan Temples (Northwestern Universtiy / Fermilab)
12:00–1:00 pm ERC 401
“Understanding neutrino background implications in LXe-TPC dark matter searches using 127Xe electron captures”
Special A&A Colloquium: Danielle Berg (Ohio State University)
3:30–4:30 pm ERC 161
Bridging Galaxy Evolution Across Cosmic Time: Tracing the Interplay between Massive Stars and the Interstellar Medium with Spectroscopy
The first stars and galaxies initiated the epoch of reionization (EoR) and provided the seeds from which all galaxy evolution grew. Knowledge of the properties of these galaxies are needed to understand ionizing photon production and escape, and will provide the crucial missing link needed to weave a coherent picture of galaxy evolution. I will present several programs that are establishing the needed framework to interpret the spectra of galaxies from z~0‒10, bridging the present-day and early universe. These programs use multi-wavelength spectroscopy to disentangle the spectral signatures that characterize the interplay between massive stars and their surroundings, and allow us to interpret how radiative processes shape galaxies. I will show how precise measures of the stellar and nebular properties of both nearby and distant lensed galaxies directly link the ionizing stellar populations with the baryon+metal feedback cycle and the conditions of ionizing photon production and escape. My studies provide a detailed foundation of the diversity of local star-forming galaxies with which to interpret cosmic evolution, as well as unique laboratories of nearly pristine gas in which to test conditions analogous to the first galaxies. In preparation for the coming UV window onto the early universe with the advent of the James Webb Space Telescope and the Giant Magellan Telescope, I will introduce the COS Legacy Archival Spectroscopic SurveY (CLASSY) - an upcoming large HST program that will produce the first high-resolution UV spectral atlas of star-forming galaxies. CLASSY will calibrate new tools that will allow us to completely describe the stars and interstellar medium in galaxies across redshift, setting the stage to study cosmic origins, ionizing production, and the evolution of galaxies in a unified framework.